Equity by design

Equity by design

Start where equity and desirability meet

image

This system pattern shows:

how adding equity to the Desirable, Viable, Feasible model changes where and how design starts and how it shifts:

  • what is considered a good idea
  • whose needs are prioritised
  • and how system impacts are understood

It moves equity from:

  • a late stage consideration

to:

  • a core design condition from the beginning

How the system behaves over time

When equity is not explicit:

  • design starts from a “typical user” that reflects dominant groups
  • systemic issues are carried through into new solutions
  • what is seen as “desirable” is shaped by those already well served
  • barriers are normalised rather than questioned
  • equity is checked late, when options are already constrained

Over time:

  • inequities are maintained and often deepened
  • outcomes for some groups continue to be worse than others
  • access, experience and outcomes remain uneven
  • people who are not well served disengage or are excluded
  • trust is eroded, particularly for communities who have experienced this repeatedly
  • systems require ongoing correction, rather than addressing root causes

When equity is designed in from the start:

  • equity is not assumed, it is actively designed for and measured
  • design begins with an explicit understanding of existing inequities
  • those most affected are centred in early thinking, not added later
  • systemic barriers are identified and deliberately addressed
  • what is considered “desirable” is reshaped to include a wider range of experiences
  • trade offs are surfaced and made consciously, not invisibly

Over time:

  • inequities are reduced, not reproduced
  • outcomes begin to shift for groups who have been consistently underserved
  • access, experience and outcomes become more consistent and fair
  • trust strengthens, particularly where it has previously been low
  • fewer corrective interventions are needed because root causes are addressed earlier
  • the system becomes more responsive, legitimate, and able to learn

What is really going on

The original model balances three important forces:

  • desirability
  • feasibility
  • viability

But it assumes a relatively neutral starting point.

Designs do not start neutral, it starts from the system we already have.

They reflect:

  • historical norms and actions that excluded groups from power and control
  • entrenched patterns of advantage and disadvantage
  • structural privilege and exclusion
  • policies and practices that continue to produce unequal outcomes

Without making equity explicit:

  • those conditions are carried forward into new design
  • they remain largely invisible in early decision making
  • and become harder to address once options are set

Adding equity changes the lens, not just the model.

Why this is hard to shift

  • Equity is often treated as a policy or compliance requirement, not a design condition
  • Teams may not have confidence or capability to engage with equity early
  • There can be uncertainty about how to apply equity in practical terms
  • Time and delivery pressure push teams toward faster, more familiar approaches
  • Existing data and evidence may not fully reflect lived experience

So equity is often:

  • considered later
  • narrowed in scope
  • or applied inconsistently

What helps shift the pattern

  • Make equity an explicit part of design frameworks and language
  • Start design work in the intersection of desirability and equity
  • Use prompts that surface who benefits, who is excluded, and what is reinforced
  • Bring lived experience into early stages, not just validation
  • Build shared understanding of existing system inequities
  • Develop individual and team critical consciousness about how systems advantage and disadvantage different groups
  • Create space to reflect on assumptions, power, and perspective in decision making
  • Treat equity as informing decisions, not just assessing them
  • Strengthen capability to apply equity in practical, everyday design work

In Aotearoa, this includes explicitly incorporating equity analysis and Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations into design and decision making.

Reflection questions

  • Who is this solution designed for, and who might it miss?
  • What existing inequities could this reinforce or reduce?
  • How are different experiences reflected in early design thinking?
  • Are we starting in desirability alone, or in desirability and equity?
  • What evidence or lived experience are we drawing on?
  • How would this design be experienced by those least well served today?
  • What would change if equity was treated as a starting condition?